America A Narrative History Summary Statements - 1505 Words

America a Narrative History: Summary Statements Chapter 2: 1. By 1600, England’s feudal system was nearing extinction, as a new family (Tudor’s) came to power and wanted support from the middleclass and the establishment of new liberties for Englishman (i.e. trial by jury and no arrest without a warrant), which resulted in a large amount of local and self initiative to prosper in the community: yet many beggars now existed, culminating in an increased need for colonial expansion both for personal prosperity and more space for the existing population. 2. The English colonists initially believed that they would discover fertile and mineral rich lands, similar to the Inca empire; however, instead, they found disease, starvation, and native populations who were sparse, thus, colonists had to largely create communities on their own, however, when they had relations with Indians, they exploited them for their game and corn. 3. Many colonies would not have survived if it wasn’t for the discovery and growing of tobacco, as this plant enabled the colonies to thrive, and even have a surplus of profit, therefore they could afford more servants, thus, creating a continuous travel of immigrants into the colony, overall creating stable colonies. 4. England’s American empire was founded partially on greed, along with pursuit of various religious sects for different branches of Christianity, which led to different colonies becoming dominated by varied religious beliefs (i.e. Rhode IslandShow MoreRelatedThe Story of Christianity by Justo Gonzalez925 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Christian Believer study video lessons course and the recipient of the Ecumenism Award from the Theological Consortium in Washington, which he received as a result of his ecumenical work of bringing together churches of different denominations Summary Dr. Gonzalez’s book; The Story of Christianity is a very informative summation; a continuation of Volume 1 which covered the beginning of the church up to the Protestant Reformation, while Vol. 2 dealt with the Protestant Reformation up to moreRead More Nixon: A Presidential Unraveling1547 Words   |  7 Pagespower were clearly established. 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New Growth Charts for Taiwanese Children and Adolescents Essay Example For Students

New Growth Charts for Taiwanese Children and Adolescents Essay New Growth Charts for Taiwanese Children and Adolescents Based on World Health Organization Standards and Health-Related Physical Fitness By Central Pediatric Neonatal SPEC ILL ART ICICLE New Growth Charts for Taiwanese Children and Adolescents Based on World Health Organization Standards and Health-related Physical Fitness Walter Chem.*, Me-Whew Change Department Of Pediatrics, China Medical University Begging Hospital, Yule and China Medical university College of Medicine. Attaching, Taiwan 2 Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan university Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan . Growth Charts Received: July 19, 2009 Revised: Gauge 12, 2009 Accepted: Gauge 17, 2009 KEY WORDS: body mass index; growth charts; health-related physical fitness; Taiwanese children; World Health Organization standards Children are not small adults. Growth (changes in size of the body as a whole or of its separate parts) and development (changes of function) consist of unique processes from birth to adulthood. We will write a custom essay on New Growth Charts for Taiwanese Children and Adolescents specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Growth charts for height, weight and body mass index (IBM) are indispensable tools for both pediatricians and healthcare providers. They constitute not only the basic tools required for clinical evaluation, UT are also useful for the purposes of public health and preventive medicine On May 8, 2003 the Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health (DOD), officially launched new growth charts for infants and pre-school children in Taiwan. 1 These new growth charts, unlike previous population-based ones, were adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards for 0-5 years of age. This report briefly describes the new methods (criterion- based approach) used to construct these standards and compares the new growth charts with the old ones. We also propose growth charts for children and adolescents over 5 years of age in Taiwan. 2. Old Growth curves Previous measurements of height and weight were generally conducted by sampling the entire population. Following the rapid economic development in Taiwan and the associated increases in the standard of living and social wellbeing of its people, survey results have shown that child growth trends have also gradually increased each year. The reference growth charts previously *Corresponding author. Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Begging Hospital, Yule and China Medical University College Of Medicine, gal. House-Shih Road, Attaching 40402, Taiwan. E-mail: [emailprotected] Com 02010 Taiwan Pediatric Association 70 used in Taiwan were based on the combined data from two population-based surveys: the DOD (survey by stratified sampling of children from 0?6 years of age) and the Ministry of Education (nationwide survey of students). When these data were compared with those from the 2000 National Center for Health Statistics (INCH), LISA, it was found that the weight of boys aged 7-15 years in Taiwan was higher by an average of 1 keg, while the height was lower by 2. 3 CM,3 These differences have raised several questions: (1) Is the method tot sampling from he entire population acceptable, especially when the prevalence of childhood obesity has rapidly increased in recently years, (2) does the scaled ref erence agree with the real standard? W, Chin, b. l. H. Change morbidity rates. These approaches not only differ significantly from the previous population-based approach (also known as the descriptive but also focus on how children should grow, rather than on how they grew in a particular time and place. 4. Growth Standards and References In April 2006, the WHO released new standards for assessing the growth Of children from birth to 5 years of age. These new standards were the product Of a previous project that included a longitudinal follow Of 882 infants from birth to 24 months and a cross-sectional component of 6669 children aged 18-71 months in six countries from diverse geographical regions, including Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and the United States. The eligibility criteria were: single-term birth and no known significant morbidity, exclusive or predominant breastfeeding for at least 4 months, introduction of complementary foods by 6 months of age, no maternal smoking before or after delivery, and no know n lath or environmental constraints to growth. .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .postImageUrl , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:hover , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:visited , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:active { border:0!important; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:active , .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74a358a8ef6bf1d72e075d300369be7b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth - scenes 1 to 3 EssayHowever, as countries proceed with the implementation of the 2006 WHO growth standards for children under S years of age, the need to develop appropriate growth standards for school- aged children and adolescents has become more urgent. WHO experts agreed that a project similar to that responsible for the development of the 2006 WHO standards was not feasible because it was not possible to control the dynamics of the environment for these age groups. Experts therefore suggested using historical growth data that were stable in term of secular increments of height ND weight, and not subjected to the influences of overweight and obesity Due to a lack of existing data sets from various countries, WHO experts agreed to reconstruct the 1977 INCH/WHO growth reference for g years of age, using the original sample (a less obese sample of the expected height) and applying a new statistical method, to develop a 2007 WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Al Table 10,1 1 summarizes the characteristics of the two standards and the two references from the WHO and Taiwan. . Growth Standard With Criteria Although the results derived from population-based surveys seem unreasonable, he choice Of suitable criteria and samples presents a problem. In view Of the fact that a large proportion of infants are usually fed with infant formula, the current growth references derived from infants fed with formula should not reflect the health recommendations. In BIBB, the WHO convened an expert committee to discuss the appropriate growth patterns of healthy children; this resulted in the initiation of a project to develop growth standards for children worldwide. The characteristic features of this project were, (1) an approach that included maternal support for breast feeding and an unconstrained environment or optimal growth; (2) an international sampling trade; and (3) the use of modern statistical methods. 4,S It seems likely that a growth standard based on criteria for young children can be developed, but the application of these approaches to adolescents presents a greater challenge, To solve the problems associated with the presence of overweight and obese cases in the population and survey samples, Chin et AAA attempted to use health-related physical fitness as the screening criterion. Using four measures of physical fitness (800/1600- m run, standing longtime, curl-up, and sit-and-reach), the study collected eight, weight and IBM data from students whose results for each of the four fitness tests were all above the 25th percentile, and used these to construct the 2003 Taiwan growth curves. , 7 After reaching a consensus from the expert committee organized by the DOD, the growth curves hue now become the growth standards for school-aged children and adolescents in Taiwan and have been published on the website for public Else. 8 Criterion-based approaches, also known as prescriptive approaches,3 such as breastfeeding or health-related physical fitness, are identical to adult criteria that are based on mortality and .

Taobao Business Concept

The business concept of Taobao is to provide a B2C (business to consumer) and C2C (consumer to consumer) website where small businesses and individuals can carry out transactions securely.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taobao Business Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The business model of Taobao is to initially provide its services for free to encourage user participation, and then to gradually monetize the service by charging premium clients a fee for listing their merchandise at the top of keyword search lists, and by providing pay-for-performance contracts to its premium clients, where sellers would pay a fee for successful transactions. Taobao does not specialize in products, as it is the client sellers who determine what they sell. Popular products traded on the site include clothes, mobile handsets, cosmetics and clothes (Oberholzer Gee, and Wulf 14). Taobao is a service oriented business, and its main service is providing a platform for buyers and sellers to trade. Taobao also allows users to access the Alipay payment service for free, and to communicate online through Taobao’s messaging service, Wangwang. Taobao’s marketplace is exclusively mainland China, as the site is constructed to cater to the needs of Chinese customers. Taobao currently makes money from the auction of keywords and from the pay-per-performance contracts on its premium service, Zhao Cai Jin Bao. The cost structure of Taobao was insubstantial, as the company had focused on building critical mass, with the intention of monetizing its services once it had acquired the dominant market share in China (Oberholzer Gee, and Wulf 14). However, judging from their gross merchandising volume (RMB 43 billion in 2007), Taobao has the ability to convert its market presence into a formidable revenue stream. So far Taobao is successful in terms of market share but its success has not been matched in reven ue terms. Its success in market domination was achieved by its tactics in the face of competition, in the international online auction site, eBay. Taobao managed to overcome its rival in China by catering to the social and commercial needs of its customers. eBay’s business model was designed for customers in markets such as the US.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However Taobao, a local Chinese business, knew that Chinese customers preferred a site which would enable them to do business in the Chinese way, through a combination of commerce and social networking. Despite these innovations, Taobao does not have significant revenues because it does not charge for its services, in a bid to attract customers from its competition. Nevertheless, the future looks bright, depending on the way in which Taobao monetizes its services. Taobao’s expansive network of customer s in China gives it good reasons to expect that it can reap maximum profits from its current client base. As stated earlier, Taobao has only started charging its premium service clients for use of the service, while other customers still use it for free. One aspect of Taobao which could hold it in good stead in the future is the use of social networking to increase trust between buyers and sellers on the site. The use of Wangwang to enable buyers and sellers to communicate with each other and the site in real time increased the popularity of the site. Such an innovation will create awareness about the site among the general public, encouraging people who do not usually trade online to begin doing so. All of this can be achieved at the current stage, without charging the majority of Taobao’s customers. Since Taobao has a virtual monopoly on e-commerce in the C2C segment in China, they can leverage this market presence into revenue. The demand for e-commerce is already well est ablished in China, and Taobao can successfully charge for it, as there is no comparable service by competitors. In this way, Taobao will reap the rewards of its efforts to capture the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taobao Business Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Work Cited Oberholzer Gee, Felix, and Julie Wulf. Alibaba’s Taobao. Boston: Harvard. Business School Publishing, 2009. 1-15. Print. This essay on Taobao Business Concept was written and submitted by user Nataly I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

jakia business class Essays (588 words) - Pat, Free Essays

jakia business class Essays (588 words) - Pat, Free Essays Jakia Brown Bus 3100 Dr. April Anderson 17 March 2018 Exercise 7-6 Since Jackson has still not complied, it is most likely very frustrated at this situation. Ted not complying is interfering with work schedule and ability to focus on certain provided or assigned tasks. I would follow up with one last email before trying something else. I would watch my tone, because it may become harsh the more frustrated I become, specifically tell Jackson what it is the organization need for him to do. I should follow up with a final or reminder email to Jackson before further actions are taken. I would make sure to have an affirmative yet friendly tone or action in this last email. It is important to specifically tell Jackson what it is I expect or want from him or what I need him to do. I would Make the email clear and transparent and make sure to aim on one main issue at a time. I'd end by explaining why I'm making this request and asking for a response by a certain date. End off the email asking for specific act ion and a deadline to respond to this email. Exercise 7-7 When your company is at fault, always apologize. There are six steps to creating a message. The first step is acknowledging the complaint, and then sympathizing with the customer. After these two steps comes, taking personal responsibility for the incident and your plan for resolution. Finally repairing the relationship and following up to ensure the response was handled correctly. The best thing to do I think is admitting responsibility and maybe doing something to help them get new potential clients to replace the one they lost. If it is your fault the best thing to do to save the relationship is to own up to it and try to smooth things over. Exercise 7-8 I w ould write the letter but be real and truthful. I would say that I haven't worked with them in years, but I remember them being a pleasure to work with. It would be the honest and it might be helpful for the ex-employee. I would handle the situation by looking up the employee's old file and seeing if they had any awards or recommendations in their file. I w ould know the employee was good , but maybe I made a note of it , and that could help me remember the employee better and more of what they did for me that I w as most impressed with. If that did not work, I would try honesty. I would admit that I can't remember any specific details about the job that this employee preformed , but what I can do is give a detailed list of what the employee had to do , and I recall th ey did an admirable job each day they worked for me . I would also apologize to the person reading it and say that this employee worked for me many years ago and I am having trouble remembering details, but I know that the company would not be sorry for hiring this employee and that this employee was one of the best investments that that company ever made. This would be the best thing that I could do given the lack of information or data in remembering the employee. It would be hopeful that I could give a brighten recommendation letter to the best of my ability.

A Brief Introduction for Chinese Culture

Xia culture represented the early Chinese culture and Zhou culture contributed to the form of more than 2000 years of feudalism culture in China. The May 4th Movement of 1919 was also an important date because it symbolized that it entered into a new culture period. In the spring and autumn and warring-states period, slave society gradually turned into feudalism society and a lot of thinkers sprang up with their immortal work. Among those, Confucianism was the most successful, which helped to build up the norms and values of Chinese people in the following centuries and also was used as a method for emperors to rule the country. However, after the fall of Qing dynasty, the last feudalism dynasty, Confucianism, which was seen as the product of feudalism society lose its dominant position. But its influence still lasts until now. Besides Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism also once played an important role in ancient Chinese. Nevertheless, nowadays most of Chinese are atheists. Buddhism is the biggest religion in China with a history of about 2,000 years. Then Muslim comes the second. It is popular within minority nationalities such as Hui and Uygur. Christianism and Catholicism are also believed in by some people. However, Taoism as indigenous religion has the fewest followers. Moreover, China is a multi-national country with quiet different 56 groups, in which Han has the largest population. Every group has its own language, customs, festivals and some fixed residence. In order to solve the problems of communication between groups and facilitates management, the government standardized language through popularizing mandarin, which is mostly based on Beijing dialect. Cultural values The development of Chinese values can be divided into two phrases:the former is the traditional cultural values; the latter is modern cultural values, which is affected by the western culture since the 20th century. Confucianism is the core element in traditional values. Deeply influenced by Confucianism , Chinese people tightly adhere to the Doctrine of Mean and try to avoid conflicts. Afterwards, with time going by, Confucianism experienced improvements by combining with Taoism and Buddhism. In this period, Confucianism focused on human, for example, the relationship between human and human, human and nature and so on. Under the influence of the above factors, Chinese traditional values can be concluded into the following aspects: -believe in self struggle ‘Man’s determination can conquer the nature’ is an old Chinese saying. Chinese people believe that through their efforts they can change their life. -emphasis on the art of tolerance Tolerance is another characteristic for Chinese nation. Chinese people won’t be easily infuriated by others. They are used to avoid conflicts and keep peace. It seems to be a little cowardly . But the truth is that many great men succeed because of temporary tolerance . -follow the majority This is still a serious problem in today’s society. Conformist mentality has proved to have negative effect on building up one’s confidence and independence. People are not willing to express its own opinion to keep conformity with the majority and become passive. -respect the old Respect for the old is a Chinese traditional virtue. Not like western individual consciousness, Chinese parents think it’s their duty to look after their children and do all that they can do for them. So when children grow up, they tend to be grateful for their parents’ contribution. As a result, the old enjoy a high position in the family. Moreover, since the old experience much more than the young, young people are willing to listen to their opinions when making decision. -collectivism This means that Chinese, in general, is a collective society that strives for harmony and group belonging, whether to family, friends, work, or country. The Chinese are more willing to suppress their own feelings and needs for the good of the group. This value has been passed down the Chinese culture from folklores where martyrs sacrificed their lives for their community or country ever since the dynastical eras 5,000 years ago. The arrival of western cultural value stroke Chinese traditional culture values and helped to discard some backward or bad parts of traditional values. Moreover, it also brought something new such as freedom, charity, democracy and etc. Cultural norms -saving face and losing face ‘Fcae’ stands for one’s position in a certain social group. It’s related to honor, good reputation or respect. Consequently, loss of face is not simply a form of embarrassment. Saving face is another concept. Chinese people respect a person who is friendly and who carefully avoids hurting the feelings of others. Loud, untactful or boisterous behavior is usually regarded as very poor taste. – greeting When meeting for the first time, a handshake is the most common greeting. In order to express some special esteem, to those elderly people or government officials, a slight bow might be given. -gift When visiting a family it is appropriate to bring a small gift, such as fruits, to the host, especially around New Year’s time. Gifts should be given and received with both hands. It is also a Chinese custom when receiving a gift to thank you for it and then place it to the side without opening it. eating  ·Chopsticks and a soup spoon are common eating utensils. Food is not passed around the table, but remains in the center. The host usually chooses the food for his guests and serves it to them from the central dishes on the table.  ·Refusing to drink is sometimes thought as dishonor to the people who toast to you. -relationship (guan-xi) Guan xi is a Chinese word which means relati onship. One’s guan-xi, is an important factor in the individual’s social status. It is also an important Chinese business element. Having a right guan xi helps companies to minimize the risks, frustrations, and disappointments. Guan-xi relationship, like face behavior, is obligation between individuals for the purpose of maintenance of group integrity. -parents dominant Parents are accustomed to interfering children’s decision and sometimes just determine for them regardless of their own wishes. -look down on girls In some remote areas, the natives still prefer boys to girls. If a family has two children and they can’t afford the education fees for both of them, the boy will have more chance to go to school. Ways of communication -nonverbal communication Chinese is a high context country. Nonverbal communication is as common as verbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes facial expression, tones of voice , gestures, and eye contact. They’re quiet important in Chinese daily life and sometimes it is even more powerful than the verbal interaction. Different gestures have different meanings. Due to different cultural background, even the same gesture has different meaning for people in certain context. -avoid speaking directly Speaking directly is often considered rudeness. Try to be â€Å"diplomatic† and tactful where possible, as the Chinese may be offended by directness in some situations. For example, it is a terrible thing to be criticized in public due to the fact that harmony is highly valued in Chinese society. -conversation tips Find some common areas to talk about such as family, sports and etc. Don’t verbally attack China and be careful about criticizing things there, as many Chinese will feel personally attacked by this. Avoid political arguments, as many Chinese feel reluctant to speak or explore their true opinion about the current government. saying â€Å"Thank you† â€Å"Thank you† is said a lot less than in the West. In a lot of instances, for example when someone opens a door for you or passes the soy sauce, saying â€Å"thank you† is seen as being over polite and without meaning, and is often met with requests for you not to be so polite (over-polite). -saying â€Å"Excuse me† â€Å"Excuse me † is not used as often in China. People are expected to give way naturally to one another on the street or when walking around, without anything being said. Interrupting somebody talking or doing something else to ask a question, make a request, etc. also happens regularly without any warning or apology. -compliments Be careful when complimenting someone’s possessions or somebody because they may think it’s a kind of flattering rather than appreciation. In conclusion, Chinese culture is based on the wisdom of Confucius and quiet different from western culture in many aspects. But nowadays because of the process of globalization, Chinese people are striving to learn from mainstream culture and improve and develop their own culture. A Brief Introduction for Chinese Culture Xia culture represented the early Chinese culture and Zhou culture contributed to the form of more than 2000 years of feudalism culture in China. The May 4th Movement of 1919 was also an important date because it symbolized that it entered into a new culture period. In the spring and autumn and warring-states period, slave society gradually turned into feudalism society and a lot of thinkers sprang up with their immortal work. Among those, Confucianism was the most successful, which helped to build up the norms and values of Chinese people in the following centuries and also was used as a method for emperors to rule the country. However, after the fall of Qing dynasty, the last feudalism dynasty, Confucianism, which was seen as the product of feudalism society lose its dominant position. But its influence still lasts until now. Besides Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism also once played an important role in ancient Chinese. Nevertheless, nowadays most of Chinese are atheists. Buddhism is the biggest religion in China with a history of about 2,000 years. Then Muslim comes the second. It is popular within minority nationalities such as Hui and Uygur. Christianism and Catholicism are also believed in by some people. However, Taoism as indigenous religion has the fewest followers. Moreover, China is a multi-national country with quiet different 56 groups, in which Han has the largest population. Every group has its own language, customs, festivals and some fixed residence. In order to solve the problems of communication between groups and facilitates management, the government standardized language through popularizing mandarin, which is mostly based on Beijing dialect. Cultural values The development of Chinese values can be divided into two phrases:the former is the traditional cultural values; the latter is modern cultural values, which is affected by the western culture since the 20th century. Confucianism is the core element in traditional values. Deeply influenced by Confucianism , Chinese people tightly adhere to the Doctrine of Mean and try to avoid conflicts. Afterwards, with time going by, Confucianism experienced improvements by combining with Taoism and Buddhism. In this period, Confucianism focused on human, for example, the relationship between human and human, human and nature and so on. Under the influence of the above factors, Chinese traditional values can be concluded into the following aspects: -believe in self struggle ‘Man’s determination can conquer the nature’ is an old Chinese saying. Chinese people believe that through their efforts they can change their life. -emphasis on the art of tolerance Tolerance is another characteristic for Chinese nation. Chinese people won’t be easily infuriated by others. They are used to avoid conflicts and keep peace. It seems to be a little cowardly . But the truth is that many great men succeed because of temporary tolerance . -follow the majority This is still a serious problem in today’s society. Conformist mentality has proved to have negative effect on building up one’s confidence and independence. People are not willing to express its own opinion to keep conformity with the majority and become passive. -respect the old Respect for the old is a Chinese traditional virtue. Not like western individual consciousness, Chinese parents think it’s their duty to look after their children and do all that they can do for them. So when children grow up, they tend to be grateful for their parents’ contribution. As a result, the old enjoy a high position in the family. Moreover, since the old experience much more than the young, young people are willing to listen to their opinions when making decision. -collectivism This means that Chinese, in general, is a collective society that strives for harmony and group belonging, whether to family, friends, work, or country. The Chinese are more willing to suppress their own feelings and needs for the good of the group. This value has been passed down the Chinese culture from folklores where martyrs sacrificed their lives for their community or country ever since the dynastical eras 5,000 years ago. The arrival of western cultural value stroke Chinese traditional culture values and helped to discard some backward or bad parts of traditional values. Moreover, it also brought something new such as freedom, charity, democracy and etc. Cultural norms -saving face and losing face ‘Fcae’ stands for one’s position in a certain social group. It’s related to honor, good reputation or respect. Consequently, loss of face is not simply a form of embarrassment. Saving face is another concept. Chinese people respect a person who is friendly and who carefully avoids hurting the feelings of others. Loud, untactful or boisterous behavior is usually regarded as very poor taste. – greeting When meeting for the first time, a handshake is the most common greeting. In order to express some special esteem, to those elderly people or government officials, a slight bow might be given. -gift When visiting a family it is appropriate to bring a small gift, such as fruits, to the host, especially around New Year’s time. Gifts should be given and received with both hands. It is also a Chinese custom when receiving a gift to thank you for it and then place it to the side without opening it. eating  ·Chopsticks and a soup spoon are common eating utensils. Food is not passed around the table, but remains in the center. The host usually chooses the food for his guests and serves it to them from the central dishes on the table.  ·Refusing to drink is sometimes thought as dishonor to the people who toast to you. -relationship (guan-xi) Guan xi is a Chinese word which means relati onship. One’s guan-xi, is an important factor in the individual’s social status. It is also an important Chinese business element. Having a right guan xi helps companies to minimize the risks, frustrations, and disappointments. Guan-xi relationship, like face behavior, is obligation between individuals for the purpose of maintenance of group integrity. -parents dominant Parents are accustomed to interfering children’s decision and sometimes just determine for them regardless of their own wishes. -look down on girls In some remote areas, the natives still prefer boys to girls. If a family has two children and they can’t afford the education fees for both of them, the boy will have more chance to go to school. Ways of communication -nonverbal communication Chinese is a high context country. Nonverbal communication is as common as verbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes facial expression, tones of voice , gestures, and eye contact. They’re quiet important in Chinese daily life and sometimes it is even more powerful than the verbal interaction. Different gestures have different meanings. Due to different cultural background, even the same gesture has different meaning for people in certain context. -avoid speaking directly Speaking directly is often considered rudeness. Try to be â€Å"diplomatic† and tactful where possible, as the Chinese may be offended by directness in some situations. For example, it is a terrible thing to be criticized in public due to the fact that harmony is highly valued in Chinese society. -conversation tips Find some common areas to talk about such as family, sports and etc. Don’t verbally attack China and be careful about criticizing things there, as many Chinese will feel personally attacked by this. Avoid political arguments, as many Chinese feel reluctant to speak or explore their true opinion about the current government. saying â€Å"Thank you† â€Å"Thank you† is said a lot less than in the West. In a lot of instances, for example when someone opens a door for you or passes the soy sauce, saying â€Å"thank you† is seen as being over polite and without meaning, and is often met with requests for you not to be so polite (over-polite). -saying â€Å"Excuse me† â€Å"Excuse me † is not used as often in China. People are expected to give way naturally to one another on the street or when walking around, without anything being said. Interrupting somebody talking or doing something else to ask a question, make a request, etc. also happens regularly without any warning or apology. -compliments Be careful when complimenting someone’s possessions or somebody because they may think it’s a kind of flattering rather than appreciation. In conclusion, Chinese culture is based on the wisdom of Confucius and quiet different from western culture in many aspects. But nowadays because of the process of globalization, Chinese people are striving to learn from mainstream culture and improve and develop their own culture.

Job Task Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job Task Analysis - Essay Example ions and submitting them to the human resource manager, scheduling interviews for new employees in the branch, and following up on their progress once employed. Any memos for the department are also to be prepared by the personnel clerk in charge (Reddy, 2004). Behavioral objectives are goals that the military branch will be aiming to accomplish when training the personnel clerk. They include duties and responsibilities that the clerk should be conversant with by the end of the training. Therefore, according to the above tasks the behavioral objectives listed should be that: the personnel clerk will master all the recording procedures in the office; he or she will also be able to understand on how to follow up on the military personnel; he or she will be able to construct a pay roll sheet from the attendance register and lastly, that he or she will be able to prepare all the notices memos of the personnel department if need be. A job task analysis is used to train an employer by laying out all the duties to be performed. (Wolfe, 1991) An analysis for a personnel clerk would be: Enter into the office; Sign in at the register; Check out the attendance of each and every employee of the military branch; Note any absent employees; Identify the events of the day; Ensure all the office records are neatly in place; Arrange any misplaced documents; Prepare any memos required; Receive and attend to any visitors of the personnel department; Ensure that any injured militants are attended to; Ensure the pay roll sheet is in agreement with the attendance list; Check the mail box of the personnel department; Forward and present any available resumes and application mails to the necessary offices; Follow up on the new employees of the organization; Schedule interviews for any new employees and finally sign out the employees after work. Generally, a personnel clerk is important in all organizations since all organizations have employees that need to be managed and yet the

The decade of the 1860s saw the success of the nation-building efforts Essay

The decade of the 1860s saw the success of the nation-building efforts of Bismarck and Cavour in Germany and Italy, respectively - Essay Example Denmark, Austria, and France were against the development of Germany. Bismarck declared war against these countries. He ensured there are no external forces preventing the development of Germany. The Germans made him chancellor. He used his position to formulate laws that promoted economic growth. He dominated the political field and ensured there is no instability. Germans concentrated in developing the economy rather than participating in war. There was the need of morals and virtues in the nation, for it to grow. Bismarck passed legislation that made Catholic Church an official influence in Germany (McKay 98). He wanted the people to follow right morals and respect God. Many countries in the 1860s depended on the system of alliance for their survival (McKay 100). Bismarck ensured Germany consolidated its power in the European block. He created a system of alliances to tackle his competitors (McKay 30). Germany became powerful and it was easy for it to acquire important resources. Bismarck always collected taxes without the permission of parliament (McKay 200). He wanted to ensure his economic policies came to success. Germany grew because he united the liberal middle class and German nationalist. He knew how to distribute resources. Victor Emmanuel led Italy. Under his leadership, Cavour united Italy when he became prime minister. He wanted to see the economy of Italy grow. The newspapers were the tool Cavour used to spread his policies (McKay 45). He used the newspapers to bring unification in Italy. He wanted to be a superpower in Italy. Cavour wanted this to be a success by forming an alliance with France. He had command of the Italian army. Cavour used that opportunity to fight enemies of Italy’s alliance. Thus, Italy received much international support. The country grew significantly in the economic sector (McKay 111). Furthermore, unity is very important for the growth of a country. Cavour